Ultrasonic gas flow meter with corrections for large dynamic metering range

Extreme accuracy is required in sing-around type gas flow meters in the sing-around period measurement. Thus the detection of the ultrasound is critical. Accurate detection of an ultrasound pulse transmitted through gas is not straightforward. Normally a zero crossing technique is applied, where a level trigger determines when to enable the zero crossing triggering. In a flowing gas, the ultrasound amplitude is modulated due to turbulence, humidity and changes in dynamic gas pressure. This introduces uncertainty as to the cycle in which the ultrasound pulse is detected. This in turn results in large errors in sing-around type gas flow meters. This paper discusses a new correction algorithm which will eliminate such trigger errors. To accomplish the verification of the new correction algorithm, a microprocessor-based sing-around gas flow meter, using 500 kHz ultrasound has been designed. The correction algorithm significantly increases the repeatability of this meter. Repeatability better than 0.5% over a dynamic meter range of 1 to 35 has been measured. Limitations of the sing-around method imposed by the new correction algorithm have been derived theoretically.     

Measurement of very small liquid flows

A measuring principle for the flow rate of liquid follows consists in the determination of the volume change of a liquid in a tank in relation to unit of time. The development and the realization of three measurement systems based on this principle are presented in this paper. The devices can measure liquid flows below 0.2 L/h. One flow meter uses an air bubble in the form of a stopper as tracer. A special design keeps the bubble in the measuring tube; it does not have to be replaced. Another flow meter measures the volume changes by determining the pressure at the bottom of a vertical tube. To achieve a continuous operation, a differential design with two corresponding tubes was realized. The third flow meter measures the mass of a drop at the end of a horizontal silicone tube working as a bending beam. The liquid flows through the tube and is forced to form drops at its end. Owing to their design, each of the three devices has distinctive characteristics. A theory of measurement systems that facilitates synthesis and analysis of measuring devices serves as the basis for the development of the flow meters.     

吊片法测试液体表面张力的实验设计

表面张力是液体的重要物性数据,在科学研究、工业生产和日常生活中皆有广泛应用。介绍了采用吊片法测量液体表面张力的实验设计,该实验过程简单,准确度高,实验内容和时间易于调节,对于培养学生认真细致的科研作风有很大帮助。     

基于MCS1210的便携式数字血压计的设计

为提高血压测量的抗干扰能力,提升测量准确性和简化操作,本文利用示波法检测血压的原理,提出了一种便携式数字血压计的设计方案,并进行了主要由微控制器、充放气控制、压力采集、信号调理、人机交互、实时时钟、电源等模块构成的系统架构设计。设计的主要方法是微控制器控制气泵给袖带充放气,袖带压力信号经调理后分离出静压力信号和脉搏波信号,送A/D转换、滤波处理,根据傅里叶拟合法计算收缩压、舒张压等数值,并通过LCD进行血压测量值显示。测试结果表明,该系统具有测量精度高、便携式的特点,具有一定的市场推广价值。     

基于I.MX6的数字化仪表设计与实现

为了向工业应用环境提供一种通用化的人机交互工具,以I.MX6处理器为核心设计高性能数字化仪表,集成COM、CAN、以太网、USB总线通信接口和视频采集、数字量输入输出等功能。在Linux操作系统上适配CoDeSys组态运行平台,实现了现场总线通信、图形化人机交互、数据存储、安防监控等多种功能。仪表具有显示界面清晰、可靠性高、应用软件开发灵活、通用性好等优点,能够广泛应用于移动机械、矿山、井下、船舶等恶劣工作环境中。     

戈壁地区近地面折射率结构常数统计特性分析

利用温度脉动仪对大气折射率结构常数进行测量,通过在铁塔上不同测量高度架设温度脉动仪,对戈壁地区近地面层开展长期连续测量。从各测量高度折射率结构常数的累积概率、偏度与峰度、季节变化、高度经验关系等四个方面对大量实验数据统计分析,结果表明:测量地区大气折射率结构常数白天和夜间的累积概率以18m为区别界限,表现出明显的不同;所有测量高度折射率结构常数的概率分布均表现出右偏、平峰特性;季节变化对低层折射率结构常数的影响更为明显;测量地区折射率结构常数随高度变化的经验公式表明,白天折射率结构常数随高度递减接近"-2/3"指数,夜间折射率结构常数的高度变化则是表现出层次性,低层折射率结构常数随高度递减接近"-0.16"指数,而高层变化则接近"-1.05"指数。     

Remark on critical speed of traveling wavefronts for Nicholson's blowflies equation with diffusion

This note is devoted to the study on the traveling wavefronts to the Nicholson's blowflies equation with diffusion, a time-delayed reaction-diffusion equation. For the critical speed of traveling waves, we give a detailed analysis on its location and asymptotic behavior with respect to the mature age.     

用指针式晶体管毫伏表测非正弦周期电压有效值

指针式晶体管毫伏表可用于测量直流分量为零的非正弦周期信号电压的有效值.提出了改进其功能的设想.     

Point-of-care detection of Microcystin-LR with a personal glucose meter in drinking water source

In this study, we described a point-of-care sensing protocol for rapid and sensitive detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in water by personal glucose meter. The POCT method possessed good reproducibility, selectivity, and stability, which may have potential for many other on-site detection applications.     

Calibration of power and energy meters for the far infrared/near millimeter wave spectral region

Power and energy measurments in the sub-mm/near-mm wave spectral region are assuming greater importance as experimentation and data exchange increases. Much of the information on power and energy measurements of lasers and other sources is derived from common detectors constructed for operation at visible and near infrared wavelengths. This paper reports on recent progress in attempts to provide accurate calibrations for instruments such as pyroelectrics and calorimeters in the 40 m to 3 mm spectral region.This work was supported by the Department of Energy